Buddhist Nationalism and Islam in Modern Myanmar

A. Asif, Burma: Planned Religious And Racial Riots Against Muslims: A Historical Overview, http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/8539, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

A. Naono, The Buddhist Kings of Chingmai and Pegu, The Purification of The Sangha, and The Mahabodhi Replicas in The Late Fifteenth Century, Michigan: University of Michigan 1996.

B. Rogers, J. Woodrum, Than Shwe: Unmasking Burma's Tyrant, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books 2010.

C. Cameron, Monk Wirathu’s 969 quotes the Dalai Lama’s Kalachakra, http://zenpundit.com/?p=29028, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Dhammaraja as well as cakkavattin were notions adopted from Hindu concepts of kingship.

H. Beech, The Face of Buddhist Terror. https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/full-text-of-the-banned-time-story-the-face-of-buddhist-terror/, (accessed: 26.10.2017)..

H. Gounger, A Personal Narrative of Two Years' Imprisonment in Burmah, London: John Murray, 1860.

H. Hindstrom, Burma president backs anti-Muslim ‘hate preacher’ Wirathu, http://www.dvb.no/news/politics-news/burma-president-backs-anti-muslim-%E2%80%98hate-preacher%E2%80%99-wirathu/28955, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

H. Hindstrom, NLD blocked Muslim candidates to appease MaBaTha: party member, https://www.irrawaddy.com/election/news/nld-blocked-muslim-candidates-to-appease-ma-ba-tha-party-member, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

H. Wardle, Burma passes controversial law on marriage of Buddhist women to non-Buddhists, www.lionsroar.com/burma-passes-controversial-law-on-marriage-of-buddhist-women-to-non-buddhists/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

I. Harris, Buddhism, Power and Political Order, New York: Routledge 2007.

J. Leider, ‘Rohingya: the name, the movement and the quest for identity’. in Nation building in Myanmar, Yangon 2013.

J. Sisley, ‘La robe et le fusil: le bouddhisme et la dictature militaire en Birmanie’, Politique et religion en Asie orientale, Vol. 32, 2001.

J.P. Leider. ‘Forging Buddhist Credentials as a Toll of Legitimacy and Ethic Identity: A Study of Arakan's Subjection in Nineteenth-Century Burma’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, No. 51, 2008.

Jordt, Burma’s Mass Lay Meditation Movement. Buddhism and the Cultural Construction of Power, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2007; Club du Millénaire, Bouddhisme et Politique en Birmanie, entre lutte et domination, http://www.iris-france.org/docs/kfm_docs/docs/observatoire-religieux/iris-obs-rel---bouddhisme.pdf, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

M. Jerryson, The Rise of Militant Monks, http://www.lionsroar.com/the-rise-of-militant-monks/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

M. Lubina, ‘It’s complicated : United States, Aung San Suu Kyi and U.S.-Burma relations’, Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia, No. 29, 2016, pp. 131–146.

M. Lubina, Birma: centrum kontra peryferie. Kwestia etniczna we współczesnej Birmie (1948-2013) [Burma: Center versus Peripheries. The 'Ethnic Question' in Contemporary Burma 1948-2013], Kraków: KON-Tekst, 2014.

M. Lubina, Pani Birmy Aung San Suu Kyi. Biografia polityczna [Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma. A Political Biography], Warszawa: PWN, 2015.

M. Lubina, Pani Birmy Aung San Suu Kyi. Biografia polityczna [Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma. A Political Biography], Warszawa: PWN, 2015.

M. Smith., The Muslim Rohingyas of Burma, Amsterdam: Burma Centrum Nederland, 1995; M. Lubina, Birma: centrum…,

M. Yegar, The Muslims of Burma. A Study of a Minority Group, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1972.

M.J. Walton, Politics in the Moral Universe: Burmese Buddhist Political Thought, Washington: University of Washington, 2012.

M.J. Walton, S. Hayward, ‘Contesting Buddhist Narratives: Democratization, Nationalism, and Communal Violence in Myanmar’, Policy Studies, No. 71, 2014.

M.J. Walton, S. Hayward, ‘Contesting Buddhist Narratives: Democratization, Nationalism, and Communal Violence in Myanmar’, Policy Studies, No. 71, 2014.

M.P. Callahan, Making Enemies: War and State Building in Burma, New York: Cornell University Press 2005.

Marlar Than, The origin of Islamic Religion in Myanmar, http://www.academia.edu/4657059/THE_ORIGIN_OF_ISLAMIC_RELIGION_IN_MYANMAR, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Marlar Than, The origin of Islamic Religion in Myanmar, http://www.academia.edu/4657059/THE_ORIGIN_OF_ISLAMIC_RELIGION_IN_MYANMAR, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Maung Htin Aung, Folk-Elements in Burmese Buddhism, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1958/02/folk-elements-in-burmese-buddhism/306833/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

P. Fuller, Preaching by the 969 and Ma Ba Tha movements, https://drpaulfuller.wordpress.com/category/969-movement/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

P. Fuller, The possible causes of Islamophobia in Burma, https://drpaulfuller.wordpress.com/2014/08/22/the-possible-causes-of-islamaphobia-in-burma/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

R. Taylor, General Ne Win: A Political Biography, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015.

R. Vandenbrink, Myanmar Buddhist Monks Launch Group for ‘Defending Religion’, http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/buddhist-congress-01152014180734.html/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

S. Bengali, Monk dubbed 'Buddhist Bin Laden' targets Myanmar's persecuted Muslims, http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ff-myanmar-monk-20150524-story.html, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Sanooaung, Masjids damaged by SPDC THUGS in Taungoo, https://sanooaung.wordpress.com/2010/03/07/masjids-damaged-by-spdc-thugs-in-taungoo-english/, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Some kings went even further announcing that they are a realized bodhisattva or even reincarnation of Buddha Maitreya.

T. Fuller, Extremism builds among Myanmar’s Buddhists, http://old.seattletimes.com/text/2021235489.html, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Thant Myint-U, Myanmar's resurgent nationalism shapes new political landscape, https://asia.nikkei.com/Viewpoints/Thant-Myint-U/Myanmar-s-resurgent-nationalism-shapes-new-political-landscape, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Thant Myint-U, Myanmar's resurgent nationalism shapes new political landscape, https://asia.nikkei.com/Viewpoints/Thant-Myint-U/Myanmar-s-resurgent-nationalism-shapes-new-political-landscape, (accessed: 26.10.2017).

Thant Myint-U, The making of modern Burma, Cembridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

The issue was broadly explored in M. Jerryson (ed), Buddhist Warfare, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

W.J. Koenig, The Burmese Polity, 1752-1819: A Study of Kon Baung Politics, Administration, and Social Organization, Ann Arbor: Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1990.

W.M. Charney, A History o Modern Burma, Cambridge: Cambridge University Pressa, 2009.