The Huaisheng Mosque in Canton: A New Translation and Analysis of the Oldest Inscription from 1350 CE

Ahmad, S. Maqbul, trans. 1989. Arabic Classical Accounts of India and China. Book One: Al-Masālik wa’l-Mamālik. Roads and Kingdoms by Ibn Khurdādhbih d.c. a.h. 300/a.d. 912. Book Two: Akhbar Akhbār al-Sīn wa’l-Hind. An Account of China and India by Sulaymān al-Tājir et al. Compiled in a.d. 851. Translated from Original Arabic with Commentaries. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

Bai, Shouyi 1982. Zhongguo Yisilan shi cungao 中囯伊斯伊斯蘭史存稿 [Outline of the history of Islam in China]. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe.

Broomhall, Marshall [1910] 1987. Islam in China: a neglected problem. London: Darf Publishers Ltd. Reprint of the 1910 edition.

Chaffee, John W. 2018. The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chen, Dasheng 1984. Quanzhou yisilanjiao shike 泉州伊斯兰教石刻 [Islamic inscriptions in Quanzhou (Zaitun) (Chinese, English, Arabic)]. Fuzhou: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe.

Chen, Qing 2018. “Islam in China: The Early Years”. [In:] Lane, George, ed., The Phoenix Mosque and the Persians of Medieval Hangzhou. London: Gingko, pp. 7–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv6hp3t6.6

Dabry de Thiersant, Claude Philibert 1878. Le Mahométisme en Chine et dans le Turkestan orientale. Tome premier. Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Dennys, Nicholas B., [1867] 2012. The Treaty Ports of China and Japan: A Complete Guide to the Open Ports of those Countries, together with Peking, Yedo, Hongkong and Macao. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Reprint of the London edition of 1867.] https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139178846

Dieterici, Friedrich H. 1859. “Arabisches aus Kanton”. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft13(3): 475–477.

Farquhar, David M. 1990. The Government of China under Mongolian Rule: A Reference Guide. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

Franke, Wolfgang 1983. “Notes on Some Ancient Chinese Mosques”. [In:] Sagaster, Klaus and Michael Weiers, eds, Documenta Barbarorum: Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 111–126.

Gibb, Hamilton A. R., trans. 1953. Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325–1354. Translated and selected by H.A.R. Gibb. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Hagras, Hamada M. 2023. “The initial Architectural Shape of the Guangta Minaret: Textual and Architectural Study”. Shedet 10: 207–226. https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2023.291373

Himly, Karl 1887. “Die Denkmäler der Kantoner Moschee”. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 41(1): 141–174.

Hirth, Friedrich and W. W. Rockhill, trans. [1911] 1966. Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chï. Translated from the Chinese and Annotated by Friedrich Hirth and W.W. Rockhill. New York: Paragon Book Reprint. Reprint of the St. Petersburg edition of 1911.

Hucker, Charles O. 1985. A dictionary of official titles in Imperial China. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Kuwabara, Jitsuzô 1935. “On P’u Shou-kêng 蒲壽庚 A Man of the Western Regions, who was Superintendent of the Trading Ships’ Office in Ch’üan-chou towards the End of the Sung Dynasty, together with a General Sketch of Trade of the Arabs in China during the T’ang and Sung Erasˮ. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 7: 1–104.

Li, Xinghua 1996. “Yisilan wenhua zhong de hanwen beike” 伊斯兰文化中的汉文碑刻 [Chinese stone inscriptions in Islamic culture]. [In:] Zhongguo yisilan wenhua, eds. Wenshi zhishi bianjibu. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, pp. 114–118.

Lieu, Samuel N. C. and Gunner B. Mikkelsen, eds 2016. Between Rome and China: History, Religions and Material Culture of the Silk Road. Silk Road Studies XVIII. Turnhout: Brepols.

Liu, Zhiping, ed. 2011. Zhongguo yisilanjiao jianzhu 中国伊斯兰教建筑 [Islamic buildings in China]. Beijing: Zhongguo Jianshu Gongye Chubanshe.

Ma, Mingda 2011. “Yuan ke Guangzhou ‘Zhongjian Huaishengsi ji’ xuba” 元刻廣州 “重建懷聖寺記 續跋” [Epilogue of the Yuan engraving “Documenting the reconstruction of the Huaisheng Mosque” in Guangzhou]. Huizu yanjiu[Journal of Hui Muslim Minority Studies] 4: 76–83.

Mason, Isaac, trans. 1921. The Arabian Prophet, a life of Mohammed from Chinese and Arabic sources. A Chinese-Moslem work by Liu Chai-Lien. Translated by Isaac Mason. Shanghai.

Mukai, Masaki 2016. “‘Muslim Diaspora’ in Yuan China: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic Tombstones from the Southeast Coast”. Asian Review of World Histories 4(2): 231–256. https://doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2016.4.2.231

Répertoire Chronologique d’Épigraphie Arabe 16. Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale du Caire. Cairo, 1964.

Sauvaget, Jean, trans. 1948. Aḫbār aṣ-Ṣīn wa l-Hind. Relation de la Chine et de l’Inde : rédigée en 851. Texte établi, traduit et commenté par Jean Sauvaget. Paris: Soc. d’Éd. Les Belles Lettres.

Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman 2015. China’s Early Mosques. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Stöcker-Parnian, Barbara 2021. “The tomb inscription for Liu Zhi at the end of the Qing Period (1910). Commemoration of an Islamic scholar by a traditional inscription to support modernisation”. Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia 34: 313–327. https://doi.org/10.60018/AcAsVa.pznt8167

Yu, Zhengui 2001. Zhongguo huizu jinshilu 中国回族金石录 [Record of inscriptions on metal and stone of the Hui in China]. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe.

Yuan Shi. Song Lian, Yuan shi 元史 [History of Yuan]. Ed.: Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 2016.

Ting Shi. Yue Ke, Ting shi 桯史 [Bedside-table history]. Ed.: Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1997.

Zhong, Yuanxiu, Jianzhao Ma and Fengda Ma 1989. Guangzhou Yisilan guji yanjiu 廣州伊斯蘭古跡研究 [Study on the historical sites of Islam in Guangzhou]. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin Chubanshe.